Struktur Isi dan Tingkat Kognitif dalam Kisi-Kisi Penilaian Tertulis IPAS Tahun Ajaran 2024/2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jpti.1993Keywords:
analisis dokumen, evaluasi pendidikan, kisi-kisi penilaian, penilaian IPAS, tingkat kognitifAbstract
Penilaian dalam pendidikan tidak lagi dipahami sekadar sebagai mekanisme pemberian nilai, melainkan sebagai proses terstruktur untuk merepresentasikan apa yang diharapkan dipelajari siswa dan bagaimana bukti pembelajaran dikumpulkan. Penelitian ini mengkaji kisi-kisi penilaian tertulis IPAS tahun ajaran 2024/2025 sebagai dokumen yang merepresentasikan struktur terencana dari evaluasi pembelajaran. Dengan menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif dan pendekatan analisis dokumen, penelitian ini menganalisis satu dokumen kisi-kisi yang memuat 25 butir soal pilihan ganda dengan alokasi waktu 90 menit. Analisis difokuskan pada pengorganisasian konten, distribusi tingkat kognitif, serta hubungan struktural antara capaian pembelajaran, cakupan materi, indikator, tingkat kognitif, nomor soal, dan format soal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dokumen tersusun secara sistematis dengan format yang konsisten pada seluruh 25 butir soal. Kisi-kisi mencakup beragam konten IPAS meliputi sistem organ manusia, energi, tata surya, komponen ekosistem, siklus air, geografi, sejarah, keragaman budaya, dan kegiatan ekonomi, serta mencerminkan tiga tingkat kognitif yaitu L1, L2, dan L3 yang mengindikasikan variasi tuntutan berpikir yang direncanakan. Namun, karena tidak tersedia data skor siswa, data respons, butir soal lengkap, maupun bukti psikometrik, penelitian ini tidak dapat membuat klaim empiris mengenai reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, daya pembeda, maupun kualitas pengecoh. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan menunjukkan bahwa kisi-kisi penilaian dapat dianalisis secara bermakna sebagai dokumen evaluasi sekaligus memperjelas batas inferensi dalam kondisi data yang terbatas. Guru dan pengembang instrumen disarankan memanfaatkan pendekatan analisis dokumen ini sebagai langkah awal dalam proses peningkatan kualitas penilaian sebelum data psikometrik tersedia.
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