Efektivitas Virtual Reality dan Augmented Reality dalam Pendidikan Vokasi di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: Systematic Literature Review (2020–2025)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jpti.1860Keywords:
Augmented Reality, Immersive Learning, Pendidikan Vokasi, SMK, Systematic Literature Review, Virtual RealityAbstract
Perkembangan teknologi Virtual Reality (VR) dan Augmented Reality (AR) telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam pendidikan vokasi dan pelatihan kompetensi teknik di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tren penelitian, karakteristik implementasi, efektivitas, serta tantangan penggunaan VR dan AR dalam pembelajaran vokasi selama periode 2020–2025. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengacu pada pedoman PRISMA. Proses pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui basis data Scopus dan Google Scholar, sehingga diperoleh 27 artikel terindeks yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi untuk dianalisis berdasarkan fokus penelitian, bidang kompetensi, metode pembelajaran, jenis teknologi, dan hasil implementasi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penelitian VR dan AR dalam pendidikan vokasi mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan dan berkembang dari sekadar media simulasi menuju immersive learning, virtual laboratory, game-based learning, metaverse learning, dan integrasi Artificial Intelligence (AI). Implementasi teknologi VR dan AR banyak diterapkan pada bidang otomotif, elektronika, manufaktur, konstruksi, kesehatan, dan pemrograman. Selain itu, penggunaan VR dan AR terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor melalui pengalaman belajar yang lebih interaktif, realistis, dan kontekstual. Meskipun demikian, implementasi teknologi immersive learning masih menghadapi tantangan berupa keterbatasan infrastruktur, biaya perangkat, kompetensi guru, serta pengembangan konten pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa VR dan AR memiliki potensi besar dalam mendukung transformasi pendidikan vokasi yang lebih adaptif, inovatif, dan relevan dengan kebutuhan industri pada era Revolusi Industri 4.0 dan Society 5.0.
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